Elian Gonzalez Should Stay In The U.s. :: essays research papers

Dear Rosa Delauro,After reading many articles in the newspapers and magazines that all state, 6 year old Elian Gonzalez has been in the middle of an international tug-of-war since he was found on Thanksgiving Day. Clinging to an inner tube at sea for two days drifting after his family and him were trying to escape from Cuba for freedom. I have decided that it is the right thing for little Elian to stay in the United States. The phone rings: "Your 6-year old son has just been found in the ocean, shipwrecked, clinging to an inner tube. His mother drowned. He is now in Miami hospital." Do you respond? "I’ll be there as soon as I possibly can." or "Send him back to me. I demand it." Elian’s biological father Juan Gonzalez was asked again and again. Why he didn’t go to Miami to see his son. He didn’t answer the question all he demanded was that his son be returned to him, finally threatening the Miami relatives with whom Elian is staying with. Juan says his son is the subject of not only kidnapping but also child abuse. If your son was kidnapped and abused, and the U.S. attorney general publicly said you were able to come see him. Would you stay home? Well Juan Gonzalez is staying home. Why does he lack true affection for the his son? Is he one of those political simpletons so colored with Fidelism that he would rather let his abused son fail than give the slightest political advance to the U.S. to see him. Should Elian be trusted to such a man like his father? Juan lacks the abilities to provide even the basics for Elian. That is, food, security, justice, freedom and the right to be happy. I think that Elian’s father should not be trusted with his son because he can’t even come to the U.S. to see how his son is. If any man in there right mind were able to leave Cuba to come see their child they would drop ever thing for them. Elian shouldn’t be trusted with a man who demands his son be brought back to Cuba and can’t give him food, security, justice, freedom and the right to be happy. When Elian was asked if he wanted to be with his father he said "He cares for his father but he would like his father to be here with him.

Segregation in the College Student Center Essay -- University Student

Segregation in the College Student Center As I walked into the University Student Center after my Issues in Public Policy class one August day, a disturbing sight immediately struck me. For a moment I thought I needed to pinch myself because I felt as though I was having a horrible nightmare. Then, I thought that maybe I needed to check my calendar to make sure that I had not traveled back in time to the sixties when segregation was still an accepted practice in the United States. Much to my dismay, I was not dreaming, and it was still in the year 2000. As I continued to look around at my fellow students, my stomach churned, and it was not because I was hungry. The sight that lay before my eyes was not only very disturbing but also very common at the University. Although the Supreme Court in 1954 in Brown vs. The Topeka Board of Education declared segregation illegal, our student center today probably looks the way diners looked thirty years ago. Blacks are sitting in a secluded section of the Student Center; while whites ar e sitting in their own self-designated section. The segregation between blacks and whites in the Student Center is simply a natural occurrence between the two races. The University does not have guidelines on what section blacks and whites are supposed to sit in; nevertheless, blacks and whites naturally separate because of years of legal segregation. Segregation in our society has become a natural occurrence even though segregation is illegal today. The question that needs to be raised is "Why?" Why is de facto segregation still accepted in the United States? Why is a prominent city like Lexington still facing many of the problems it faced thirty years ago? The answers lie in our culture and our horrif... ...en the noblest of people cannot contain. It is a haunting ghost that no one can see, and it is the devil of our cities that many do not even know exist. Racial profiling, inequality, and segregation will remain in cities as long as our culture allows it. As long as we allow white supremacy and black inferiority to be prevalent in our culture, we are going to continue to have problems in our cities. Works Cited Adams, Jim. "Study: Police Stopped Blacks Twice As Often As Whites." The Courier-Journal 29 Oct. 2000: Al, All. Bell, Derrick. And We Are Not Saved. New Haven & London: Yale University Press, 1987. Mills, Charles W. The Racial Contract. London: Corneff University Press, 1997. Ogburn, William "Social Change and Race Rehitions." Race Relations. Eds. Jitsuichi Masuoka and Preston Valiem. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1961. 201.

Discussion and Analysis Essay

Construct a good, solid essay of at least 3 full pages which answers one of the prompts below. In addition to consulting your lecture notes and textbook, you may find it helpful to consult the New Cambridge Medieval History, Vol. I, which may be found in the Walsh Library Reference Room, call number D117. N48. Essays will be graded on content (clarity and coherence) as well as mechanics (grammar and spelling). Late papers will be significantly penalized and any paper later than 24 hours will NOT be accepted. Drafts of papers are to be submitted as hard (printed) copies to both  your editing partner and me. Final versions of papers are to be submitted as hard (printed) copies to me; you will also  include  the marked-up version of your draft. All papers must have 1† margins, be double spaced, and in Times New Roman or Garamond, size 10-12 font. Do not double-space your initial, first page heading. In supporting your observations, you will certainly need to point to specifics in the texts. However, you should not rely on direct quotations and should use them very sparingly. You may not use any quote lengthier than two sentences. No block quotations. Any essay that consists of more than one-quarter direct quotations will receive a D. You should learn how to sum up examples in your own words, but be aware that changing only a few words of someone else is still considered plagiarism. Any time you use a direct quotation or paraphrase something, you need to cite the material. This includes anything from the Chronicle text. For this second essay, your goal is to analytically read primary source materials. As you read and begin to formulate your essay, consider some of the following questions: who is this author? Why are they writing? What is the obvious, surface purpose of this document? Is there a purpose or conclusion that the author reaches which is not so obvious? What fundamental assumptions does the author have about his subject material? How do these assumptions influence or appear in the work, either explicitly or implicitly? How do the attitudes or perceptions of the subject matter change or evolve over time? How does the historical context of each author influence his approach and treatment of his subject matter? These questions should be only the beginning of your inquiry and you certainly are not restricted to them. Use them to formulate your own questions, and then use those questions to help you structure your essay. Often the best essays are built around thesis questions, not thesis statements. Primary source excerpts can be found in your Rosenwein reader or online at the Fordham Medieval Sourcebook and google books. This is a 3 page paper; obviously you cannot use all the sources, however what you choose should make sense for your thesis. The Crusades Tactic I Using the documents listed below, explore what motivated people to go on crusade to the Holy Land in the middle ages. Did their experiences match their expectations? Were they fulfilled, disappointed? How important was morale and how was it kept up? Address strengths and weaknesses of the source material and be sure to make connections between the sources. Tactic II Using the documents listed below, explore what we can learn about memory and different groups’ interpretation of events. Address strengths and weaknesses of the source material and be sure to make connections between the sources.

Health Write Up Alcohol Essay

Alcohol is one of the most abused drugs in America. It is easily accessible, cheap, and perfectly legal to buy and consume. The way alcohol works is that it enters your bloodstream and moves into the biological membranes in your body. Up to 20% of alcohol consumed is absorbed through your stomach lining and 75% is absorbed in your upper intestine directly into the blood stream. Absorption rate is increased if you mix with carbonation, it is decreased with food, and if you drink higher concentration of alcohol (ie 80 proof or higher) absorption is also slower. The amount of alcohol absorbed along with factors of weight, body fat, sex, and in some cases race all depends on your blood alcohol concentration (or BAC). This is the ratio of alcohol absorbed to the rate of your metabolism. Alcohol is only metabolized through the liver, and cannot be speed up with the use of exercise, drinking coffee, eating certain food, or taking a cold shower. Alcohol has a generally negative impact on health. Chronic use of alcohol will have the user develop sever cirrhosis (scarring of the liver), higher blood pressure, various cancers, and major cognitive impairments, memory loss, including dementia. The constant abuse of alcohol or alcohol dependence will cause people to live shorter lives and they will have withdrawal symptoms when they don’t have a drink for periods of a time. However, there is help very readily available for those who are seeking a change in their drinking habits with many programs of all types.

Ethan Frome Lit Crit

Marxism is mainly about money and If you don't have money then your not happy and you will be unhappy because you wont have as much as you would like. The narrator needed a ride to his work and he couldn't find anyone someone told him about Ethan, that he will do anything to make a buck. The narrator asked Ethan and he ended up saying yes because he needed the money. When Ethan came back from law school, for good, his mother hired Keenan to take care of her but then people started talking and he felt obligated to marry Keenan In the end.When Ethane's mother died she was worried about money ND what Ethane's dad had done. Ethan worked In his lumber limb that he had and did anything to get a few bucks here and there. Since Keenan â€Å"always† got sick, since Ethane's mother died, she would spend most of their money to pay for her medical bills and medication. Instead of paying a maid to come and work for them Keenan was able to get Mattie to help her for free because Mattie didn 't have anyone after her parents died except her cousin Keenan. The first time Ethan picked up Mattie to him It felt like love at first sight when they first met her.Even though It was love at iris sight he TLD realize that It was going to be another person to feed even with the little money he was making from the lumber limb. Financially he had to make a way to provide to feed an extra person. Ever since Ethan met Mattie and when they would hang out he felt less stress about money. He kept wanting to leave with Mattie but never could because he couldn't leave Keenan just like that. He was afraid of what people might look at it. If Ethan was able to leave Keenan Just like the man who left his wife for his mistress he would.As much as he wanted to do so he felt bad to leave ere after all he did bring her to the house and now he's Just going to leave her with a house with bills that she couldn't afford to pay and she wouldn't able to sell it. The economy was down in town and people we ren't able to pay for or buy a house. The economy was down to a point where people were barely making it. Jobs were being lost. Some people couldn't afford a lot of food because they needed to have a house. This relates to Ethan From because Ethan was one of those people who couldn't make a lot of money.Ethan had trouble getting Just a little extra cash on the side Just o afford something for themselves. Ethan From Is a good example of Marxism because it shows that people of the lower class are always unhappy unless they have money with them. In this book it tells you that money is what makes people happy. If people didn't have money they would be stressing out and have house situations. The economy is based on money. Money keeps the economy going and when it goes down everybody struggles to make a living. Ethan From showed a form AT Marxism Decease social class. Outnumber ten story people Autocue mainly on money Ana t

Four Rightly Guided Caliphs Essay

Muhammad’s mission, like many other prophets, was to call people to the worship and submission of the one true God. After his death this mission was left to those whom followed his teachings. Those who truly followed in the Prophet’s foot steps were proclaimed The Rightly Guided Caliphs. They were Abu Bakr, ‘Umar, Uthman and Ali, and were the Four Rightly Guided Caliphs, all of which were amongst the earliest and closest companions of the Prophet Muhammad. Each of these Caliphs contributed greatly to the development of Islam as well as the contradictory emergence of the Sunni and Shi’ite schism. Abu Bakr was the first of the four Caliphs and ruled from 632-634 A. C. Abu Bakr was unfortunate to have the burden of leadership placed on him during the most sensitive of Muslim times. Since the death of Muhammad was quickly spreading, many Muslims and tribes decided to rebel, refusing to pay Zakat. Also, many claimed that the prophethood of Muhammad had been placed on them, this only made the tribes revolt stronger. He had to deal with the threat of two powerful empires, the Roman Empire and the Persian, of which threatened Islamic state in Medina. Abu Bakr himself led a charge against the revolting tribes who attacked Medina and forced them to retreat. Although the threat of the Roman army still remained, Muhammad had already sent out an army and when he died, Abu Bakr took over. With fierce determination he said â€Å"I shall send Usama’s army on its way as ordered by the Prophet, even if I am left alone. † Throughout the rule of Abu Bakr, troops went from one victory to another from attacking Romans. Another contribution of the Caliph was that he encouraged many of Muhammad’s friends to commit his teachings to memory. Memories all of which were written down to form the Qu’ran. All together without his leadership; the people of Islamic faith would have gone riot. He helped restore stability to the Islamic people. On top of this, he contributed to the writing of the Qu’ran and the keeping of the people safe with all his military forces. During the Caliphate of Abu Bakr, ‘Umar was his closest assistant and adviser. When Abu Bakr died on the 23rd of August 643 A. C, all the people of Medina swore allegiance to ‘Umar who became the second Caliph. Upon taking charge ‘Uman spoke to the people with conviction and said â€Å"O people, remain conscious of God, forgive me my faults and help me in my task. Assist me in enforcing what is good and forbidding what is evil. Advise me regarding the obligations that have been imposed upon me by God†¦ † ‘Umar did exactly that. He enforced the good and forbade evil. Within the first years of his leadership he completed Islam’s conquest of Mesopotamia, Syria, Egypt and Persia. During ‘Umar’s Caliphate, he was majorly responsible for the vast expansion of Islam and was considered a highly effective military leader. He also commanded the construction of the Mosque, also know as the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem. When ‘Umar returned to Medina from Hajj he raised his hands and prayed, â€Å"O God! I am advanced in years, my bones are weary, my powers are declining, and the people for whom I am responsible have spread far and wide. Summon me back to Thyself, my lord! † Before his death, ‘Umar went to a Mosque to lead in prayer where he was attacked and stabbed several time and fell under the assassins dagger. Before he died, the people asked him to nominate his successor. Umar appointed a committee of the Prophets followers to appoint the leader among themselves. ‘Umar died in the first week of Muharram, 24 A and Uthman was appointed as his successor. Uthman became the Third Rightly Guided Caliph in 644 A. C. From all the Caliphs he was the one more interest in religion than politics. During his Caliphate he completed the compilation of the Qur’an that still remains till today. Uthman ruled for twelve years, the first six years were marked to have been filled with peace and tranquility. The second half of his rule took a brutal turn. Rebellion rose, the Jews and the Magians were taking advantage of the whispers that were passing among the people and began conspiring against Uthman. Although with the size of his army he could have stopped all of them, he remembered the words of Muhammad, â€Å"Once the sword is unsheathed among my followers, it will not be sheathed until the Last Day. † Uthman didn’t want to be the first of the Caliphs to spill the blood of Muslims, so instead he tried to reason with them. This hardly did him any good and after a long battle the rebels broke into his home and murdered him. The last words Uthman spoke were that of the Qur’an 2:137, which speaks of God being all hearing and all knowing. He took his last breath on the Friday afternoon of June 656 A. C Ali, the cousin of the Prophet Muhammad himself was the final Caliph. At first he was very much reluctant to take the position but after he was urged by the other companions of the Prophet he accepted. Ali was responsible for the tradition of scholarship, although he too was assassinated. During his Caliphate internal tensions in the Muslim communities came to surface which lead to a period of civil war and political conflicts which ultimately led to the split in Muslims allegiances. This now known as the Sunni and Shi’ite schism. The differences between Sunni and Shi’ia Muslims are not in the written word, but rather they have political differences centred around who should be recognised as the leader of the Muslim community. The Sunni’s make up an estimate of 90% of Muslims in the world today and they believe that the leader of Muslims should be chosen among the descendants of the tribe of Muhammad, the Quraish tribe but not necessarily from the family of Muhammad. The world ‘Sunni’ itself mean tradition and in turn means that they support the Caliphate of all the Four Rightly Guided Caliphs. The Shi’ites on the other hand only make up 10% of the Muslim population and the word Shi’ite means ‘the party of Ali’ and they believe that the leader of the Muslim community must be a descendent of the Prophet Muhammad, the official term of a blood relative being ‘Imam’. This meaning out of all the Caliphs they only support the rule of Ali. Every single Caliph had an important part to play in the development of Islam and many people have them to thank for their religion and faith being as strong as it is today. Each of the Four Rightly Guided Caliphs contributed to the safety and growth of Islam. Although with the split of Muslims that result of the Sunni and Shi’ite schism, everything was eventually kept under control. If conflicts do arise between the two, it will never result in another civil war as they have learnt from the past of the devastations it can cause.

Architecture and Challenges in Computing

The report will discuss in detail about the concept of cloud computing and how it impacts the business in a different manner these days. Therefore, in the process of understanding the power of cloud computing, it is important to have more clarity about streamlining the processes of IT which make the whole process more convenient. However, it is important to understand that it is not easier to rush into the whole process (Aljabre, 2012). Right before, making the changes, it is also crucial to ask some relevant questions and also understand the pros and cons of the process. Cloud computing is being used like never before, and there are organizations of every kind and sizes that adapt the newer technology which helps business to work in an efficient manner. Some industry-based experts who also believe that the system will only continue to develop even further in coming future. The concept of cloud computing is also very advantageous for some mid-size as well as big organizations. As discussed, there are certain disadvantages as well of the process with the opinion to assist many establishments completely understand the process in a proper manner (Aljabre, 2012). There is the detailed discussion of advantages as well as disadvantages of cloud computing with an opinion to assist these kinds of establishments by having complete clarity about the concept of cloud computing. The objective of the report is to understand the advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing clearly. Since cloud computing comes with some advantages for the businesses however companies cannot completely depend on it, and there are some disadvantages as well, and it is crucial to completely understand the concept of business as well as technology which is based on service providers. The concept of cloud computing can be defined as the providing on-demand resources related to computing, and it is also important to understand that everything from some applications to a different base of data can be applied here on the internet. This is done with the help of on a pay for usage basis. Companies like Microsoft and the Amazon are some of the biggest names in providing cloud computing system and also offer the same kind of definition. This also means the concept can utilize the internet in the place of a hard drive in the computer to access the remote servers and also some effective processors that have the ability to perform an intensive storage functions over the internet (Subashini and Kavitha, 2011). There are different kinds of clod computing programs discussed in detail below: Infrastructure based service: this concept consists of the basic blocks that help in building cloud computing and information technology structure as well as also provides access to a number of networking based characteristics. It also consists of data based storage spaces as well as a number of computers. The system also provides companies with high flexibility level and overall control on management over a number of resources in IT, and it is also quite same to the present resources of IT that any department or developer can be familiar with at the present time. Platform as a main service: this kind of system eliminates the requirement for companies to manage the basic level of infrastructure that usually based on operating systems and hardware. Also, it also permits companies to pay attention to the process of deployment and also manage the application in an effective manner (Marston et al., 2011). This further assists them to be more effective as it doesn't require to take any tension about the resource based procurement process, or planning of the capacity, maintenance of software or any other different and heavy lifting which requires involvement in running the overall application. Software as the main service: this can be treated as a finished product that is managed by a number of different service providers. In many cases, it is important to refer the software as the main service that can be referred to software as the main service provider and it can refer to the end-user based applications. With this kind offers there is no requirement to think about how services can be maintained as well as the overall infrastructure can be properly managed. It is important that users only require basing whole research on the specific piece of software. There are some common examples of the system like website based emails. Here these emails are received and further sent without properly users that can manage characteristic in addition to the product and also maintain different servers as well as operating systems that is based on any program (Marston et al., 2011). Cover over data: while running any application that one can share the photographs with millions of mobile based users and also provide support to the critical kind of functions associated with the business. At the same time, the cloud providers are based on providing a rapid access towards flexible as well as low cost based IT kind of resources. The marketplace online and another kind of cloud provider said that the users usually don't need to make large investments in different kinds of hardware and also provide a lot of time on the heavy lifting of managing the hardware in a perfect manner. Rather, the concept of computing can be treated as a provision which is of the right kind and for the right size of computing the resources which require the power in the new as well as bright ideas that function in many IT departments (Han et al., 2011). When the cloud computing system is used in the right manner and to some extent, it is important while working with information in the cloud can be very profitable for every kind of business. Following are some of the main advantages of this system: Cost based efficiency: the concept of cloud computing is the most cost efficient system in using, maintaining and also upgrading process. While dealing with traditional desktop based software costs, companies spent a lot, and it is associated with finance. Also, the licensing based fees add different users, and this can prove to be quite expensive for the setting up in the concerned department. On the other hand, the cloud is present at an affordable rate and therefore, can lower the expenses of IT in significant manner. Also, there are some one-time payments where pay as one go and another kind of scalable point present that make it further reasonable for the organization (Han et al., 2011). Unlimited storage: storing the data in the cloud provides a lot of storage capacity. Therefore, one needs to worry about completely run out of the storage space or raising the present storage space and its overall availability. Recovery and backup: - all the data is stored in the cloud, and this is why proper backup and restoration of the same is easier than storing the similar kind of physical devices. Also, many cloud-based services providers are normally competent by nature to handle the overall recovery of data in an efficient manner. Automatic integration of software: in cloud computing, software based integration is normally associated with something which happens automatically. This also means that one need to some extra efforts to change and also integrate the applications as per the preference of the customers. These kinds of aspect generally take care of itself and not just that, the concept of cloud computing permits the company to customize the options with ease accordingly. This way, the company can handpick different services and software based applications that one can think of and it also suits the specific enterprise in a proper manner (Low et al., 2011). Comfortable access to data: - once companies get to register to the system, it can easily access the data from any part of the world where there is a proper internet connection. This feature will help in going beyond the present time zone and geographic based locations and related issues. Rapid deployment: Lastly, the process of cloud computing provides different advantages of rapid deployment. When the company goes for this method of operations, the entire system can be completely functional very quickly. At the same time, the time taken here will also depend on the same type of technology that company required for the business (Low et al., 2011). Despite of all above disadvantages, the concept of cloud computing also has some disadvantages which are discussed in detail below: Issues in technical aspect: the fact that information on the cloud can be accessed at any point of time and from any part of the world. However, at times the systems can create a lot of problems. Companies should be well aware of the fact that the technology is always based on many technical problems. In fact, the best kinds of service providers function into kinds of trouble and despite keeping some very high standards for maintaining it properly. The company also must have a strong internet connection to get logged onto a different kind of server at all possible times. The concept of cloud computing is an important characteristic of any big scale deployment. It can be taken as a method which leads a much tech-based organization to offer companies and people their personal space to store and also use the growing pile of information since some smart machines gather it. It is important to understand that not everything about storing information online can be an advantage when it is compared with older hardware ways (Janssen and Joha, 2011). Security based on a cloud: the other important issue while using the cloud technology is that there number of security-based challenges. Right before applying this technology; companies must understand that one will be completely surrendering all the sensitive information of the company to an outsider. This can be a great risk for the company. Therefore, companies require being completely sure that they choose the most trusted service provider who will protect the information correctly (Janssen and Joha, 2011). Attacks possibility: saving the data in the cloud can make the companies in the most vulnerable situation and can also impact many external based hacks like attacks or threats. It is important to understand that there is nothing on the internet which is completely safe and this is why there is always a risk of hacking of sensitive data. There are some disadvantages discussed above, and the best kind of cloud provider can claim complete immunity towards service based outages. Some cloud computing systems that are based on the internet and also mean the overall access is based on the strong internet connection. Therefore, it is important to understand that whether the business can absorb a continuous bout based on constant slowdowns. Also, there are some incidences in past where service provider like DropBox faced the similar situation for the longest period which is two days. It is very important to consider two crucial points like business based processes that can be halted if any service provider goes completely down and the internet connection which must be strong otherwise all business based application will also drop offline (Fernando et al., 2013).   The technology of cloud computing in the present time has become very crucial for every business users, and it further plans to move ahead and be more advanced. The kind of cloud has addressed many needs of organizations. This can be in public based cloud or private based cloud and in some case a hybrid kind of cloud where every category is sufficient to apply it effectively. The concept of cloud computing is that the business answers that every company can utilize properly. There are so many pros as well as cons of cloud computing, and it is important to be very careful while applying in business (Gà ©czy et al., 2011). Like every other process, the concept of cloud computing has its pros as well as cons. The technology can also prove to be a huge asset for the organization, and it can also cause some serious harm or threats if not executed in a proper manner. The concept is not evolving in a way it never happened before, and there are companies in all kind of shapes and sizes that can adapt to new technology. There are industry experts that have a belief that this fashion will only develop and grow further in future (Gai and Li, 2012).   This is why the concept of cloud computing is very beneficial for so many and different kinds of companies. Of course, as discussed it comes with number disadvantages specifically for small businesses.   In the present time, with proper planning and significant precautions, the disadvantages of the concept can be reduced tremendously. It is also true that the concept has transformed the business world completely and the advantages can easily outweigh the disadvantages of cloud computing. Minimum cost, as well as easy access along with proper data backup and centralization as well as security and rapid testing, are becoming more and more relevant (Jadeja, and Modi, 2012). Aljabre, A., 2012. Cloud computing for increased business value.  International Journal of Business and Social Science,  3(1). Subashini, S. and Kavitha, V., 2011. A survey on security issues in service delivery models of cloud computing.  Journal of network and computer applications,  34(1), pp.1-11. Marston, S., Li, Z., Bandyopadhyay, S., Zhang, J. and Ghalsasi, A., 2011. Cloud computing—The business perspective.  Decision support systems,  51(1), pp.176-189. Han, J., Haihong, E., Le, G. and Du, J., 2011, October. Survey on NoSQL database. In  Pervasive computing and applications (ICPCA), 2011 6th international conference on  (pp. 363-366). IEEE. Low, C., Chen, Y. and Wu, M., 2011. Understanding the determinants of cloud computing adoption.  Industrial management & data systems,  111(7), pp.1006-1023. Janssen, M. and Joha, A., 2011, June. Challenges for adopting cloud-based software as a service (saas) in the public sector. In  ECIS. Fernando, N., Loke, S.W. and Rahayu, W., 2013. Mobile cloud computing: A survey.  Future generation computer systems,  29(1), pp.84-106. Gà ©czy, P., Izumi, N. and Hasida, K., 2011. Cloudsourcing: managing cloud adoption. Gai, K. and Li, S., 2012, November. Towards cloud computing: a literature review on cloud computing and its development trends. In  Multimedia Information Networking and Security (MINES), 2012 Fourth International Conference on  (pp. 142-146). IEEE. Jadeja, Y. and Modi, K., 2012, March. Cloud computing-concepts, architecture and challenges. In  Computing, Electronics and Electrical Technologies (ICCEET), 2012 International Conference on  (pp. 877-880). IEEE.